"Relating historical conflicts between Indians and whites, the document explained how education was originally aimed at 'civilizing' and domesticating the Canadian Indian. This philosophy, used extensively by church groups that established the original Indian schools, alienated children from both the white society and the educational process. Residential schools were run as regimented orphanages; day schools and boarding homes isolated the students in a strange and often hostile world. The present changing attitude toward Indian education, whose main thrust is the integration of Indian and white students, has resulted in some favorable changes, such as the establishment of kindergarten and preschool care. The continuing high Indian dropout rate, however, indicated that much more needed to be done"--abstract, p. 137, Research in Education, vol. 9, no 1, January 1974.